Anna R
Resources that could be used in a paper would be great!
Answer
The only book I have that's close to hand is Loretto Todd's "Green English". There is another book by Diarmaid O Muirithe called "The English language in Ireland" but that may not be relevant to you? I don't specifically have anything on the Celtic languages but I hope that Irish (Gaelic) will suffice?
The main influence is the introduction of Irish words into English: Whiskey is the most obvious coming from the Irish, "uisce beatha" "Water of Life". But there are many that people don't know so well: slogan, for example comes from the Irish "slua gairm" "warriors' call", or shanty coming from "sean teach" meaning old house. My favorite is probably when Americans say goodbye they say "So long", coming from the Irish "slan" (Slan means safety, (there should be an accent on the vowel but I cannot do it) in Irish when someone is leaving you say slan leat, safe with you, or slan abhaile, safe home. You can abbreviate this to "slan" on it's own).
Then there is the influence on the speech pattern. On Page 101 of Todd's book she gives an example of the difference in BBC English (standard modern English as opposed to the posh, Queen's English), American English and Irish English: the BBC English has 22 vowel sounds, American and Irish English have only 16! There are more examples, but I seriously don't want to bore you.
The Irish language influence is not only in America but also in Australia and Canada. The Canadian "eh" at the end of sentences (as American comedians joke when stereotyping Canadians) is a remnant of Irish. And again Todd gives the Australian phraseology "she's wrapped in him" meaning she's in love with him as deriving from the Irish "Ta si dunta i ngra leis" (Again there are accents missing!). If you ever hear someone referring to "youse" for "you" in the plural, that's the Irish influence.
By the way, there are two types of Celtic languages, P-Celtic and Q-Celtic. It's to do with the word for "son", Map in one language and Maq in the other. P-Celtic is modern Welsh, Cornwallish and Breton. Q-Celtic is Manx, Irish and Scottish. The Maq changed to Mac, so all those people with the name, for example, McDermott were originally Mac Diarmuid or Son of Dermot. The Map changed to Ap, as is Ap Tudor (Henry VIII's ancestor, Tudor was spelt differently but I left it that way for clarity). The Ap changed again to just a P, so anyone named Pritchard was originally named Ap Richard.
The point of this linguistic note is to show that the Celtic languages also influenced other languages, in the example that I am familiar with: the French for "I love you" is "Je t'aim", the t is called an infixed pronoun and it is a leftover from when the region known today as France was originally a Celtic country called Gaul. It is a characteristic of P-Celtic and old Q-Celtic. Irish speakers have a characteristic of adding what's called the suffix pronoun; instead of "give me the ball" you might hear someone say "gimme the ball" where give has the noun combined to the verb, and no separate noun needed (though where I am from they say "gis the ball").
There is also the tendency to add extra superfluous sentences on the end; for example if you know anyone from the north of Ireland they might say "it was a beautiful day, so it was" (the "so it was", is unnecessary), or people all over might phrase a sentence "pass the salt, will ya?" as opposed to "will you pass the salt"
The only book I have that's close to hand is Loretto Todd's "Green English". There is another book by Diarmaid O Muirithe called "The English language in Ireland" but that may not be relevant to you? I don't specifically have anything on the Celtic languages but I hope that Irish (Gaelic) will suffice?
The main influence is the introduction of Irish words into English: Whiskey is the most obvious coming from the Irish, "uisce beatha" "Water of Life". But there are many that people don't know so well: slogan, for example comes from the Irish "slua gairm" "warriors' call", or shanty coming from "sean teach" meaning old house. My favorite is probably when Americans say goodbye they say "So long", coming from the Irish "slan" (Slan means safety, (there should be an accent on the vowel but I cannot do it) in Irish when someone is leaving you say slan leat, safe with you, or slan abhaile, safe home. You can abbreviate this to "slan" on it's own).
Then there is the influence on the speech pattern. On Page 101 of Todd's book she gives an example of the difference in BBC English (standard modern English as opposed to the posh, Queen's English), American English and Irish English: the BBC English has 22 vowel sounds, American and Irish English have only 16! There are more examples, but I seriously don't want to bore you.
The Irish language influence is not only in America but also in Australia and Canada. The Canadian "eh" at the end of sentences (as American comedians joke when stereotyping Canadians) is a remnant of Irish. And again Todd gives the Australian phraseology "she's wrapped in him" meaning she's in love with him as deriving from the Irish "Ta si dunta i ngra leis" (Again there are accents missing!). If you ever hear someone referring to "youse" for "you" in the plural, that's the Irish influence.
By the way, there are two types of Celtic languages, P-Celtic and Q-Celtic. It's to do with the word for "son", Map in one language and Maq in the other. P-Celtic is modern Welsh, Cornwallish and Breton. Q-Celtic is Manx, Irish and Scottish. The Maq changed to Mac, so all those people with the name, for example, McDermott were originally Mac Diarmuid or Son of Dermot. The Map changed to Ap, as is Ap Tudor (Henry VIII's ancestor, Tudor was spelt differently but I left it that way for clarity). The Ap changed again to just a P, so anyone named Pritchard was originally named Ap Richard.
The point of this linguistic note is to show that the Celtic languages also influenced other languages, in the example that I am familiar with: the French for "I love you" is "Je t'aim", the t is called an infixed pronoun and it is a leftover from when the region known today as France was originally a Celtic country called Gaul. It is a characteristic of P-Celtic and old Q-Celtic. Irish speakers have a characteristic of adding what's called the suffix pronoun; instead of "give me the ball" you might hear someone say "gimme the ball" where give has the noun combined to the verb, and no separate noun needed (though where I am from they say "gis the ball").
There is also the tendency to add extra superfluous sentences on the end; for example if you know anyone from the north of Ireland they might say "it was a beautiful day, so it was" (the "so it was", is unnecessary), or people all over might phrase a sentence "pass the salt, will ya?" as opposed to "will you pass the salt"
Romanian-English Dual Language Books?
Q. Hi there,
so I am in the process of trying to teach myself Romanian. I have heard dual-language books are awesome for helping you learn a new language after an audio course online to understand the basics. I was wondering if anybody had any names of some good dual-language Romanian/English book titles that I could maybe check out.
I live near a Coles and a Chapters bookstore, so if they are able to order it that'd be great. I don't have a credit card, so hopefully I won't have to buy off the internet.
Please let me know! Thank you. :)
Also, are there any audio books that are available, that come with a CD and the book? So you can hear pronunciation and read along as well?
so I am in the process of trying to teach myself Romanian. I have heard dual-language books are awesome for helping you learn a new language after an audio course online to understand the basics. I was wondering if anybody had any names of some good dual-language Romanian/English book titles that I could maybe check out.
I live near a Coles and a Chapters bookstore, so if they are able to order it that'd be great. I don't have a credit card, so hopefully I won't have to buy off the internet.
Please let me know! Thank you. :)
Also, are there any audio books that are available, that come with a CD and the book? So you can hear pronunciation and read along as well?
Answer
Rosetta Stone is a very good tool to learn languages.
Rosetta Stone is a very good tool to learn languages.
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